FY2025 Budget Resolution

Official title: Establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2025 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2026 through 2034.

What this does

This is the congressional budget resolution for fiscal year 2025, agreed to by both chambers in April 2025. A budget resolution is a concurrent resolution, which means it is an internal blueprint that Congress adopts for itself; it is not a law, it is not signed by the President, and it does not by itself spend money or change tax rates. What it does is set target levels for federal revenue, spending, deficits, and the public debt for fiscal year 2025 and each year through 2034, and set spending targets across the major budget categories such as defense, health, Medicare, and net interest. Its most consequential part is a set of reconciliation instructions, which are the mechanism that unlocks a filibuster-proof reconciliation bill in the Senate. The resolution orders named House and Senate committees to write legislation that changes spending and revenue in their areas by specified dollar amounts, and it separately instructs the tax-writing committees to raise the statutory debt limit. Those instructions are the starting point of the process that later produced the large reconciliation package. The resolution also carries policy statements and reserve-fund provisions describing goals such as cutting mandatory spending and reducing federal regulation.

Senate vote · 51-48

Democrats0–44

Republicans51–2

Independents0–2

House vote · 217-215

Democrats0–214

Republicans217–1

Independents0–0

How we know · 12 sourced claims

This measure declares itself the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2025 and sets forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2026 through 2034.Source: Sec. 1(a) (Declaration)
For enforcement purposes the resolution sets recommended federal revenue levels rising from $3,699,743,000,000 in fiscal year 2025 to $5,242,537,000,000 in fiscal year 2034, and states the aggregate level of revenues should be changed by minus $150,000,000,000 in each fiscal year 2025 through 2034.Source: Sec. 1101(1) (Federal revenues)
The resolution sets the appropriate deficit level at $936,265,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and at $1,404,891,000,000 for fiscal year 2034, and sets the appropriate level of the public debt at $36,525,094,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 rising to $50,481,979,000,000 for fiscal year 2034.Source: Sec. 1101(4)-(5) (Deficits; Public debt)
The resolution declares appropriate levels of new budget authority and outlays for each major functional category for fiscal years 2025 through 2034, including National Defense, Health, Medicare, and Net Interest.Source: Sec. 1102 (Major functional categories)
The resolution directs named House committees to submit recommended changes in law to the House Budget Committee by not later than May 9, 2025 to carry out reconciliation.Source: Sec. 2001(a)-(b) (Reconciliation in the House; Submissions)
It instructs the House Committee on Ways and Means to submit changes in law that increase the deficit by not more than $4,500,000,000,000 over fiscal years 2025 through 2034, and to submit changes that increase the statutory debt limit by $4,000,000,000,000.Source: Sec. 2001(b)(11) and Sec. 2001(c) (Committee on Ways and Means; Increase in statutory debt limit)
It instructs the House Committee on Energy and Commerce to submit changes in law that reduce the deficit by not less than $880,000,000,000, and the House Committee on Agriculture to reduce the deficit by not less than $230,000,000,000, each over fiscal years 2025 through 2034.Source: Sec. 2001(b)(4) and Sec. 2001(b)(1)
On the Senate side it directs named committees to submit recommendations to the Senate Budget Committee by not later than May 9, 2025, and after receiving them the Senate Budget Committee shall report a reconciliation bill carrying out those recommendations without any substantive revision.Source: Sec. 2002(a)(1) (Submissions)
It instructs the Senate Committee on Finance to report changes in law that increase the deficit by not more than $1,500,000,000,000 over fiscal years 2025 through 2034, and separately to report changes that increase the statutory debt limit by not more than $5,000,000,000,000 by not later than May 16, 2025.Source: Sec. 2002(a)(2)(G) and Sec. 2002(b) (Committee on Finance; Increase in statutory debt limit)
The resolution establishes reserve funds allowing the Senate Budget Committee chair to revise committee allocations and budgetary levels for later legislation, including a spending reduction reserve fund framed around saving more than $2,000,000,000,000 and reserve funds relating to government deregulation, current tax policy, and protecting Medicare and Medicaid.Source: Title III, Secs. 3001-3005 (Reserve funds)
It states that if certain House committees' reconciliation recommendations do not together achieve at least $2,000,000,000,000 in net deficit reduction over fiscal years 2025 through 2034, the House Budget Committee chair shall reduce the $4,500,000,000,000 Ways and Means instruction and related levels by the shortfall, with a corresponding increase if that target is exceeded.Source: Sec. 4001(a)-(b) (Adjustment for spending cuts of at least $2 trillion)
The resolution includes House policy statements setting a goal of reducing mandatory spending by $2 trillion over the budget window and calling for enacting deregulation legislation through reconciliation such as the REINS Act.Source: Sec. 5002(b) and Sec. 5003(b) (Policy statements on mandatory spending reduction and Government deregulation)

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Senate roll call

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R49–2D0–44I0–2

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R212–1D0–208I1–0