H.R. 1 · 119th Congress · Economics and public finance
One Big Beautiful Bill Act (2025 reconciliation)
The House passed it under the short title One Big Beautiful Bill Act (congress.gov).
An act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of H. Con. Res. 14.
How each chamber voted
Yea from the left, nay from the right, each side by party
Bundled: these votes covered more than one measure.
House · Jul 3, 2025
Roll call ↗218
214
The House’s vote on the final text.
Senate · Jul 1, 2025
Roll call ↗50
50
Passed the Senate. The Vice President broke the tie.
This is a reconciliation vehicle: one vote carried every committee's instructions at once. A member could not vote for the tax cuts without also voting for the Medicaid work requirement, the $46.55 billion border wall, the $5 trillion debt-limit increase, the clean-energy credit terminations, and the student-loan changes. The coupling point is the reconciliation process itself, which packages unrelated subjects from ten House committees into a single bill that cannot be amended on the floor and passes with a simple Senate majority. The subjects are not germane to one another; they are joined only by the budget procedure.
Law 45 days after it was introduced
Public Law 119-21. Each step dated from the congress.gov record
- IntroducedMay 20, 2025
- CommitteeMay 21, 2025
- Passed HouseMay 22, 2025
- Passed SenateJul 1, 2025
- House final voteJul 3, 2025
- Became lawJul 4, 2025
On the record
- Cosponsors
- None
- House committee
- Budget
- Lobbying
- At least 2,874
- organizations named it2025 Q1 to 2026 Q3
What it does
This is the 2025 budget reconciliation act, a single 338-section package that changes tax, health, energy, immigration, agriculture, defense, and education law at once.
How each member voted
The House roll call, vote on the final text, July 3, 2025
Yea unless marked
R · House · AL-4
R · House · MO-4
R · House · GA-12
This is the 2025 budget reconciliation act, a single 338-section package that changes tax, health, energy, immigration, agriculture, defense, and education law at once. It is far too large to lay out in full, so what follows are its major components; a single yes vote carried the entire 338-section package, and the complete detail is in the bill text. On taxes, Congress made the reduced individual income tax rates permanent by striking their scheduled end after 2025, raised the standard deduction, and created new deductions including one for tips capped at $25,000. Congress terminated the clean-vehicle tax credits for vehicles acquired after September 30, 2025. On health, Congress required states to make Medicaid eligibility conditional on 80 hours a month of work or equivalent activity, beginning no later than 2027. On immigration, Congress appropriated $46,550,000,000 to build the border wall system. Congress added new work-requirement terms to SNAP and shifted more program costs onto states. Congress raised the federal debt limit by $5,000,000,000,000. The bill also opens federal land to oil, gas, and coal leasing, caps and terminates student-loan programs, and rescinds a long list of climate and clean-energy funds.
Each stop is a step the bill’s own record states, with the date it happened. A ring is a step not yet taken. A bill becomes law when the President signs it or Congress overrides a veto. A tied Senate roll is decided by the Vice President, whose vote is not part of the roll.
At least 2,874 organizations named this measure in a lobbying filing. A floor, not a total: they were counted by the client name on 12,364 quarterly reports filed by 426 lobbying firms and by 1,171 organizations lobbying for themselves in 2025 Q1, 2025 Q2, 2025 Q3, 2025 Q4, 2026 Q1, 2026 Q2 and 2026 Q3. An organization that lobbied this measure without naming it is not counted here.
The filings record that lobbying was reported on the measure. The form has no per-bill dollar figure and no field for a position, so nothing here says how much was spent or which side an organization took.
5 of them, in no ranking: Trustage; Noon Energy; American Council of Engineering Companies; Waxman Strategies on Behalf of the Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation; Association of Women's Health Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses. Listed as filed, in the order the filings were read, and 2,869 others are not shown. These are not the largest, the earliest or the most active: we keep five names per measure, and the filings give no ranking.
From the LD-2 quarterly lobbying filings published at lda.gov by the Senate Office of Public Records. Read for 2025 Q1, 2025 Q2, 2025 Q3, 2025 Q4, 2026 Q1, 2026 Q2 and 2026 Q3. Our copy holds 24 fewer filings for 2025 Q1, 39 fewer filings for 2025 Q2, 42 fewer filings for 2025 Q3, 33 fewer filings for 2025 Q4, 28 fewer filings for 2026 Q1, 48 fewer filings for 2026 Q2 and 218 fewer filings for 2026 Q3 than the Senate's register counts, so those quarters are the filings we could read rather than every one filed. 2026 Q4 is still inside its filing window, so that quarter is only the filings posted so far.
Congress.gov bill status and cosponsor records; the House Clerk and Senate roll calls; lobbying reports filed under the Lobbying Disclosure Act (lda.gov); the plain summary and provisions are read from the bill text, each with its section.